I-House of Representatives yaseJapane yagunyaza, ekupheleni kuka-April, umthethosivivinywa wokuqala olawula i-Artificial Intelligence ezweni. Ukulawulwa kwe-AI kuyisihloko esibusa izingxoxo zomthetho emhlabeni wonke, ngamasu ahlukene emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngokusho kwe-UNESCO, kusukela ngo-2016, izizwe ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu zenze imithetho egxile ku-AI.
"Endabeni yomthethosivivinywa waseJapane, umbhalo awuboni kusengaphambili izinhlawulo, ukuze ungavimbeli ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe futhi ubeke phambili ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali endaweni. Ngakho, ukunciphisa izingozi zobuchwepheshe kubantu, imithetho ekhona kanye nemithethonqubo izosetshenziswa, njenge-Penal Code, "kuchaza uDkt. Patrícia Peck, uchwepheshe we-Digital Law kanye ne-CEO ye-Peck Advoga.
Ummeli uphinde afingqe umthetho ngesihloko esisebenzayo futhi enze iziqhathaniso. "I-European Union, ngo-2024, yagunyaza uMthetho we-AI, umthethonqubo obanzi, ozoqala ukusebenza ngezigaba. Ekuqaleni konyaka, ukuvinjelwa kwezinhlelo ezithile ze-AI kanye nezidingo ezihlobene nokufunda kwe-AI kwaqala ukusebenza. Ngo-Agasti, izingxenye ezihlobene nezinye izindawo ezinhlanu zizoqala ukusebenza, phakathi kwazo ukubusa kanye nezinhlawulo zazo, esingakwazi ukutshala kuzo izinkampani ezinkulu.
Mayelana ne-US ne-China, ummeli uyanezela: "Yize ingakabi nawo umthetho wobumbano, i-US isivele inemithetho nemigomo yemboni evela e-White House. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-China inemodeli elawula kakhulu, egxile ekuvikelekeni kwezwe, ukulawulwa kwe-algorithms yokuncoma, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-AI ekhiqizayo."
Mayelana nemodeli yokulawula ye-European Union, u-Patrícia Peck ugqamisa inhloso yokuhlinzeka ngokuvikela okuqinile. "Umbhalo udala imithetho eqinile yokusetshenziswa okubucayi kwe-AI, okuvimbela ukweqisa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinosongo oluncane. Ezimweni zengozi enkulu, umthetho uhlinzeka ngezibopho zokubeka izinto obala, ukuchaza, nokucwaninga okuzimele njengezidingo ezimaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhalo uhlinzeka ngendlela yokubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile, okungagcina umthetho uvuselelwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, "uyachaza.
Umthethonqubo eBrazil
Mayelana neBrazil, uchwepheshe ucaphuna uMthethosivivinywa 2338/2023, osacutshungulwa eSenate futhi uhlose ukwakha uhlaka lomthetho lokusebenzisa i-AI. “Umthethosivivinywa olawula i-Artificial Intelligence ubhekene nezinselelo, njengokuthi izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zingaba nomthelela ohlelweni, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umthetho ubambezele ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha futhi usheshe uphelelwe yisikhathi, kodwa usekelwe ezimisweni ezinjengokuhlonipha Amalungelo Abantu, ukungacwasi, ukubeka izinto obala nokuphepha, ukuziphendulela kanye nokuzibophezela,” kuchaza yena.
Ngokusho kommeli, indlela yokulawula i-AI eBrazil isekelwe engozini, efana nemodeli ye-European Union. "Umthethosivivinywa uphakamisa imithetho eqinile yezicelo ze-AI ezisengozini enkulu, njengokuqashelwa kobuso nezinqumo zokwahlulela ezizenzakalelayo, okuyiphuzu elihle kubantu," echaza.
Eqokomisa amanye amaphuzu amahle, uchwepheshe ugcizelela ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi ekubhaleni umthethosivivinywa - okubandakanya ochwepheshe, izifundiswa, kanye nemboni ezimele - kanye nokukhuthazwa kokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezweni. “Ukuzibandakanya kwezinhlaka ezilawulayo kuyadingeka ukuze zikwazi ukufaka isandla ngombono womkhakha wokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe,” kugcizelela yena.
Nokho, uPatrícia Peck uchaza ukuthi umbhalo ungase unembe kakhudlwana. "Umbhalo ujwayeleke ngokwedlulele; abanye abagxeki baveza ukuthi umthetho awucacile kakhulu emaphuzwini abalulekile, okungase kuphazamise ukusebenza kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlaka lungasheshe luphelelwe yisikhathi, uma kubhekwa isivinini sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe," echaza.
Ekugcineni, uma uvunyiwe, umbhalo ungase udale enye inkulumo-mpikiswano. “Kunokungabaza ngesakhiwo nezinsiza zezikhungo ezizobhekana nokuqapha nokugcina umthetho,” kuphawula ummeli.
