Ubani ongawakhumbuli amakhasethi nama-CD awonakele ayegcwele izitebele zabathengisi basemgwaqweni? Kwabe sekufika "ama-gatonets" (amasevisi we-TV yekhebula engekho emthethweni) futhi, muva nje, izinsizakalo zokusakaza ezingekho emthethweni. Ngonyaka odlule, ukusebenza koMnyango Wezobulungiswa Nokuphepha Komphakathi kususe amawebhusayithi angama-675 nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyi-14 ezinokuqukethwe okungajwayelekile.
Manje sekuyithuba lama-deepfakes — amavidiyo adalwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa akwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ubuso namazwi ngendlela engokoqobo emangalisayo. Ifomethi iyashintsha, kodwa ingqondo iyafana: ukuthuthukiswa ngakunye kwezobuchwepheshe kuletha izinhlobo ezintsha zokwephulwa kwempahla yengqondo, i-copyright, namalungelo obunikazi.
I-Deepfakes: Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuletha izinhlobo ezintsha zokwephulwa kwempahla yengqondo.
Lesi simo sinyusa izinselelo zamahhovisi ophawu lwentengiso kanye namalungelo obunikazi, anesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngokubhaliswa nokuqapha imakethe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukusetshenziswa kabi kwempahla yengqondo yamakhasimende (IP).
“Lapho kunokwephulwa kwamalungelo empahla yengqondo, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuxazulula ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezinkantolo,” kuchaza ummeli uKaren Sinnema, umlingani wenkampani yabameli iSinnema Barbosa, esebenza ngokukhethekile ezelulekweni zomthetho mayelana nempahla yengqondo.
Ngokusho kwakhe, isinyathelo sokuqala sokuzivikela ukubhaliswa kwezimpawu zokuhweba, nakuba lokhu kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, uma kubhekwa ukuntuleka kwesiko elihlanganisiwe mayelana nalokhu e-Brazil. Uma usubhalisiwe, ukuqapha njalo kuyadingeka futhi, ngokuvamile, izinyathelo zomthetho ziyadingeka.
"Ukubhalisa akusona, ngokwako, isiqinisekiso sokuthi amalungelo empahla yengqondo azohlonishwa. Ngemva kwalesi sinyathelo, amafemu akhethekile omthetho wempahla yengqondo ahlale eqapha noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kabi kophawu okwenziwa abantu besithathu. Uma behlonza noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle, benza ithimba labo lezomthetho elikhethekile lisebenze ukuze lithathe izinyathelo ezifanele, noma ukuvimbela ukuqulwa kwecala noma, uma kunesidingo, ukufuna isixazululo senkantolo.
Ummeli u-Renata Mendonça Barbosa, naye onguzakwethu e-Sinnema Barbosa, ugcizelela ukuthi umeluleki wezomthetho okhethekile ku-IP uhlonza, esimweni ngasinye, indlela engokomthetho nelungile yokulwa nemikhuba yokukhwabanisa nokufuna isinxephezelo somonakalo. Lo msebenzi nokuqapha kudinga izinkampani zempahla yengqondo noma yezimboni ukuthi ziqashe izinsizakalo zezomthetho ezikhethekile.
"Lezi yizinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokombono wezomthetho, ezingabandakanya inqwaba noma amakhulu obufakazi futhi zithathe iminyaka ukuqhubeka ezinkantolo, kodwa zinethuba elikhulu lokuphumelela," kusho uchwepheshe.
U-Karen Sinnema noRenata Mendonça Barbosa, abalingani eSinnema Barbosa
Ithimba lefemu yezomthetho yaseSinnema Barbosa libala izinyathelo ezinhlanu zokuvikela umkhiqizo wakho kanye nempahla yengqondo yakho ekukhwabaniseni nasekugqekezweni:
- Ukubhalisa uphawu lokuhweba kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile nokuvikelwa okusemthethweni.
- Gada ukusetshenziswa kabi - hlala ulandelela amawebhusayithi, inkundla yezokuxhumana, nezizinda ukuze uhlonze ukusetshenziswa kwemali okungagunyaziwe.
- Ukuba nomeluleki wezomthetho okhethekile ku-IP - ochwepheshe bezomthetho abasebenza ngempahla yengqondo bahlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela nezokulungisa.
- Thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kwenzeka ukukhwabanisa - yazisa futhi uxoxisane nabenzi bobubi noma uze uthathe izinyathelo zomthetho ukuze uvimbele omunye umonakalo, ngaphansi kokuqondisa komeluleki okhethekile wezomthetho we-IP.
- Gcina amadokhumenti akho esesikhathini samanje - gcina amarekhodi okusetshenziswa, izinkontileka, nobufakazi ukuze uqinise ukuzivikela kwakho kwezomthetho.
Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi i-Brazil ibone ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwesidingo sokuvikelwa okusemthethweni ekuphenduleni ukwephulwa okuqhubekayo okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamalungelo ezithombe, izimpawu zokuhweba, amalungelo obunikazi, kanye nempahla yemboni.
Ngo-2024, izicelo zokubhaliswa kwezimpawu zokuhweba zikhule cishe ngo-10.3% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2023, okuhlanganisa izicelo ezingaba ngu-444,037. Idatha ivela ku-National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). Izinombolo zilandela inkambiso yomhlaba wonke: inani lokubhaliswa kwezimpawu zokuhweba ezisebenzayo emhlabeni wonke lenyuke cishe ngo-6.4% ngo-2023 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2022.
EZINYE IZIMO EZIPHINDA KANJANI
Ngokuka-Renata Mendonça Barbosa, isimo esiya ngokuya sivama enkathini yedijithali ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezizinda zewebhusayithi namagama abasebenzisi (izimpawu zika-"@") zamaphrofayili ezingosini zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Instagram. Uma igama noma uhlobo lubhalisiwe, amalungelo akhethekile atholwa ukulisebenzisa njengokuhlonza amaphrofayili namakheli ku-inthanethi.
Ukuzijwayeza kubonisile, nokho, ukuthi abanikazi bophawu lomgunyathi basebenzisa ubuqili ukuze baphule lawa malungelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elifanayo, okuhlanganisa kuphela uphawu oluhlukile, noma amagama afanayo, kuvamile, okulimaza umnikazi wangempela wophawu lokuhweba.
“Sibe namakhasimende ahlangabezane ‘nezimpawu’ eziyisishiyagalombili ezifana negama lenkampani, obekuphambukisa ithrafikhi kude nohlobo lwangempela,” kuphawula uRenata. Uchaza ukuthi, njengoba iklayenti selivele linophawu lokuhweba olubhalisiwe, kwakungenzeka ukunikeza ukwesekwa kwezomthetho nokuphoqelela amalungelo abo ngokususa 'izimpawu' ezazisebenzisa ngokungafanele uphawu lwazo lokuthengisa olubhalisiwe.
UKaren Sinnema ucaphuna amacala okubhaliswa kwe-copyright ngisho nasebusweni bomuntu, njengendlela yokuzivikela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwesithombe somuntu. “Kuwumkhuba owandile phakathi kwamaciko nabantu abadumile emhlabeni wonke,” kugcizelela yena.
Ukwabiwa kwamalungelo obunikazi omkhiqizo nezisombululo, kanye namagama nezimpawu zokuthengisa, kulimaza amabhizinisi ngokwezomnotho, futhi kulimaze ubunjalo nesithunzi sawo.
Ngokwabameli bakwa-Sinnema Barbosa, kunezindlela zamasu ezisetshenziswa amahhovisi ophawu lwentengiso kanye namalungelo obunikazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa nokukhethekile komkhiqizo kuyagcinwa. Ngezansi kunohlu lwalesi sinyathelo ngasinye nokuthi umeluleki wezomthetho wenza kanjani esigabeni ngasinye.
- Ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa kophawu lwentengiso e-INPI (Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property)
Njalo ngeviki, i-National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) ishicilela i-Industrial Property Journal (RPI), equkethe izicelo ezintsha zokubhalisa nezinqumo zokuphatha. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwalokhu kushicilelwa kubalulekile ekuhlonzeni izicelo zokubhalisa ezifanayo noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kophawu lokuhweba. Kulesi sigaba, umeluleki wezomthetho uhlaziya izingozi ezingaba khona futhi, uma kunesidingo, anikeze isiqondiso ekuphikisaneni nokuphathwa kwesicelo, ukuvimbela ukubhaliswa kophawu lokuhweba olungqubuzanayo.
- Umzamo wokuqala: isivumelwano sokuthula
Uma kutholwa ukwephulwa kophawu lokuhweba, isinyathelo sokuqala esinconyiwe isaziso esingekho emthethweni. Lo mbhalo osemthethweni wazisa lowo ophule umthetho futhi ufuna isixazululo esinokuthula—ngokuvamile esanele ukumisa ukwephulwa komthetho ngaphandle kokuya ezinkantolo. Umeluleki wezomthetho ubhala futhi athumele isaziso ngobuchule, eqinisekisa ukucaca, ukuphepha, namandla ezomthetho ekuxhumaneni.
- Uma inkhulumomphendvulwano ihluleka: isinyathelo somthetho.
Uma umaphuli mthetho engakuyeki ukusetshenziswa okungafanele, umnikazi wophawu angaphendukela esinyathelweni somthetho. Kulesi sigaba, indima yommeli ibalulekile ekwenzeni isicelo esifanele, esingase sihlanganise umyalo ovimbela ukusetshenziswa, ukuchithwa kokubhaliswa okungafanele, kanye nokuvikelwa ekuqhudelaneni ngokungafanele. Umgomo uwukumisa ukwephulwa komthetho futhi kuvikelwe ukuhluka kophawu lokuhweba.
- Isinxephezelo somonakalo
Ngaphezu kokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi, umnikazi wophawu angaphinda afune isinxephezelo ngomonakalo wezinto ezibonakalayo nowokuziphatha uma belahlekelwe. Ummeli wezomthetho unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqoqa ubufakazi, ukulinganisa umonakalo, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zomthetho ngendlela eqinisekisa isinxephezelo esigcwele sokulahlekelwa okudaliwe.
