Ni amashami make yateye imbere vuba nk'urwego rw'ubucuruzi bw'ibiribwa muri Brezili. Uruvange rw'igitutu cy'izamuka ry'ibiciro, kuzamuka k'ubushobozi bwo kugura, n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga byahinduye imiterere y'abaguzi ndetse n'ingamba z'amasosiyete. Ingaruka zigaragara mu buryo nk'amaduka acuruza ibiribwa byinshi, amaduka acuruza ibintu bigezweho, n'amasoko yo mu ikoranabuhanga, ari na byo bigira uruhare mu kugura ibiribwa muri iki gihe.
Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwa McKinsey ku bijyanye n’ibiribwa mu 2024, uruhare rw’abacuruzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi mu nyungu z’uyu muryango rwazamutse ruva kuri 27% rugera kuri 46% mu myaka itandatu. Hagati aho, amasoko menshi yatakaje imbaraga, ahagarariye 11% gusa by’isoko ririho ubu.
Andrea Eboli , umuhanga mu by’ubucuruzi ufite uburambe bw’imyaka irenga 25, washinze akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe gutanga ibisubizo ku bigo EDR , agaragaza ingaruka z’izi mpinduka. Yagize ati: “Ubucuruzi burimo guhinduka buri gihe. Gushyira hamwe imigabane mu bicuruzwa ni igisubizo ku bikenewe bishya: kuzigama ku bintu by’ingenzi no gushora imari mu bitanga uburyo bworoshye cyangwa bushimishije.”
Kwaguka kw'abacuruzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi n'abakiriya babo bashya.
Abacuruzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bamenyekanye cyane binyuze mu guhuza ibiciro bihendutse n'uburambe bwo guhaha bugamije kuzigama amafaranga. Muri iki gihe, baraboneka no mu mijyi, bakurura abaguzi bo mu rwego rwo hagati n'abo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Amasosiyete y'ubucuruzi yo mu turere nayo yimukiye muri ubu buryo, arushaho kwagura isoko ryayo.
Nk’uko Andrea Eboli abivuga, intsinzi y’uyu mudeli ikomeje kurenza ikiguzi. Asesengura agira ati: "Uyu mudeli ugurishwa ku giciro kinini washoboye kwikura mu kaga ko kugura ibintu binini gusa. Abaguzi benshi bawukoresha mu kongera gukusanya ibicuruzwa, bitewe n’inyungu zigaragara ku giciro cya buri munsi."
Mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa, bwasohotse mu mpera za 2024, McKinsey igaragaza ko ubudahemuka ku bakiriya ari cyo kibazo gikurikiraho. Kugira ngo bakomeze iterambere, amasosiyete manini y’ubucuruzi arimo gushora imari muri gahunda z’ubudahemuka, kunoza ibikoresho, no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.
Imiyoboro y'uturere n'iterambere ry'ibikomoka ku buhinzi
Amasosiyete yo mu turere nayo arimo kugaragaza imbaraga, aho impuzandengo y’izamuka rya 20% buri mwaka mu bacuruzi 20 bato ba mbere. Mu gushora imari mu guhanga udushya, aya matsinda yashoboye kwita ku biciro byihariye, ahuza ibicuruzwa bikunzwe n’ibihenze.
“Muri iki gihe, abaguzi bashaka ubunararibonye bwuzuye n’imigabane itandukanye. Amasosiyete yo mu karere yumvise akamaro k’ubufatanye n’abatanga ibicuruzwa bo mu gace kugira ngo batange ubushya n’ubwisanzure, byubaka ubudahemuka bw’abakiriya kandi bigatera ibyiyumvo byo gufasha abacuruzi bo mu gace,” Eboli agaragaza.
Urugero rumwe ni ukwiyongera k'ubukene bw'amaduka y'ibiryo biryoshye, hibandwa ku biribwa bishya n'ibyiciro by'ibiryo bigezweho. Aya mazu yakuruye abakiriya bakomeye, yongera ubwitabire bw'iki gice, gisanzwe kigize 30% by'isoko ry'amaduka manini.
Koroshya ibintu nk'inyungu yo guhatana
Ikindi kintu ni ukwiyongera kw'amaduka yo mu bwoko bwa "rental stores", byongereyeho amaduka mashya agera ku 1.000 mu 2024, cyane cyane mu turere tw'imijyi. Uretse kuba hafi y'abaguzi, bagaragara cyane kubera uburyo bwabo bwo guhaha imbonankubone no guhaha mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Bitewe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora ibintu, koroshya ibintu byabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi. Nubwo ibi byari bisanzweho, byarushijeho kugaragara mu gihe cya nyuma y'icyorezo, aho abaguzi ubu bamenyereye kwakira ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu ngo zabo. Andrea Eboli yagize ati: "Guhaha ibintu bito bikemura ibibazo nko gufata utuntu duto hafi y'akazi cyangwa kugura ikintu kibura binyuze muri porogaramu y'isoko ry'akarere."
Ku bigo, ibi bigaragaza akamaro ko gusobanukirwa igihe gito cy’umuguzi no gushora imari mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga no gushyira ibintu mu buryo butandukanye. Yongeraho ati: "Iyi myitwarire igaragaza ko abaguzi baha agaciro igihe n’uburyo bworoshye, ibyo bikaba bitanga inzira yo guhanga udushya mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho n’ibiciro bitandukanye. Iki ni igitekerezo cy’ingenzi ku bayobozi bashaka kugaragara ku isoko."
Kwinjira mu maduka mu masoko no muri porogaramu zo gutanga ibicuruzwa byongera iyi ngeso. Urugero, amasosiyete y’amaduka manini atanga uburyo bwo gutwara cyangwa gutanga ibicuruzwa byihuse mu minota mike, bihaza ibyifuzo bya buri munsi. Uku guhuza hagati y’amaduka asanzwe n’ay’ikoranabuhanga birimo gutuma habaho uburambe bugabanya igihe umuguzi amara, hatabayeho gutakaza ubwoko n’ubwiza.
Guhuza imiyoboro n'ejo hazaza h'uru rwego.
Ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti mu guhaha ibiribwa buracyari buke ku isoko, ariko burimo kwiyongera cyane. Mu 2024, ingo zirenga miliyoni zirindwi zizaba zimaze guhaha kuri interineti muri uru rwego. Abacuruzi bashora imari mu ngamba zo gukoresha interineti, nko gushakisha no gutanga ibicuruzwa ku giti cyabo, byongera amahirwe yabo yo kuyobora isoko.
Andrea Eboli asobanura muri make icyerekezo cy’ubucuruzi agira ati: “Iminsi yo kurya ibiryo byari bigamije guhaha mu maduka yararangiye. Ingamba zo gutsinda ni uguhuza uburyo bwo korohereza abantu, kuzigama no kugira ubunararibonye. Abaguzi barushaho guha agaciro uburyo butandukanye bwo kubona serivisi, haba mu maduka cyangwa kuri telefoni igendanwa. Abashora imari mu gusobanukirwa ibyo bakunda bazaba biteguye ejo hazaza,” asoza.
