Imwe mu mpungenge nyamukuru ku masosiyete ni ukurinda iterabwoba. Ndetse no gufata ingamba, ingamba, hamwe nibisubizo bishya kugirango wirinde kwinjira no kwiba amakuru, ikibazo ntabwo gishingiye gusa ku ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere gusa ahubwo no ku myitwarire ya muntu. Ibi ni ibyatangajwe n'impuguke mu bijyanye n'umutekano wa interineti Leonardo Baiardi wo muri dataRain, agaragaza ko 74% by'ibitero bya interineti biterwa n'impamvu z'abantu. Uyu muyobozi agaragaza uburyo amahugurwa ahagije y'abakozi ashobora kuba ingenzi mu ngamba zifatika z'umutekano.
Baiardi abona ko ikiremwa muntu ari ihuriro ridakomeye mugihe uhanganye ningaruka za cyber mubidukikije. "Umuntu wese uri mu isosiyete agomba kumva ko ashinzwe umutekano mu makuru, kandi ibyo bigerwaho gusa binyuze mu mahugurwa, kubazwa, no gutumanaho hagati y'amashami. Umuntu wese agomba kumenya ingaruka ashobora guhura nazo."
Igitekerezo cy’impuguke cyuzuza ibyagaragaye muri raporo ya 2023 y’ibikorwa bya muntu, byerekana uruhare runini rw’ibintu by’abantu mu guhungabanya umutekano. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ubwiyongere bwikubye kabiri ubwinshi bwibitero byubukorikori hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bigendanwa, ubwoko bwigitero gitangirana nubutumwa busa nkaho butagira ingaruka, butanga umubano. Ibi bibaho, nk'uko Baiardi abivuga, kubera ko imyitwarire y'abantu ishobora gukoreshwa. Agira ati: "Nkuko umuhigi w'icyamamare Kevin Mitnick yabivuze, ubwenge bwa muntu ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwo kwiba. N'ubundi kandi, abantu bafite urwego rw'amarangamutima rushobora kwibasirwa cyane n’ingaruka zituruka hanze, ibyo bikaba byaviramo ibikorwa bidahwitse nko gukanda ku murongo mubi cyangwa gusangira amakuru akomeye".
Ibikoresho byo kuroba byagenewe kurenga ibintu byinshi byemewe (MFA), hamwe nibitero bishingiye ku bicu, aho abakoresha hafi 94% byibasiwe buri kwezi, nabyo biri mubikunze kugaragara muri raporo.
Amakosa akunze kugaragara
Mu makosa akunze kuganisha ku guhungabanya umutekano, urutonde rwa Baiardi: kutagenzura niba imeri ari ukuri; gusiga mudasobwa zidafunze; ukoresheje imiyoboro rusange ya Wi-Fi kugirango ubone amakuru yibigo; no gutinda kuvugurura software.
Asobanura agira ati: “Iyi myitwarire irashobora gukingura amarembo yo kwinjira no guhuza amakuru.” Kugira ngo wirinde kugwa mu buriganya, impuguke irasaba kwirinda gukanda ku mahuriro akekwa. Kubwibyo, aratanga inama yo kugenzura uwayohereje, imeri imeri, hamwe nubutumwa bwihutirwa. Aragira inama ati: "Niba gushidikanya bikiriho, inama ni ugusiga icyerekezo cy'imbeba hejuru y'urubuga udakanze, bikwemerera kureba URL yuzuye. Niba bisa naho biteye amakenga, birashoboka ko ari bibi."
Kuroba
Uburobyi nimwe mubintu bikomeye byugarije cyber, ukoresheje imeri yibigo nkibikorwa byibitero. Mu rwego rwo kuyirinda, Baiardi atanga igitekerezo ku buryo butandukanye: kumenyekanisha no guhugura abakozi, hiyongereyeho ingamba zikomeye za tekiniki.
Kugumana software hamwe na sisitemu y'imikorere igezweho ni ngombwa kugirango ugabanye intege nke. "Intege nke zigaragara buri munsi. Inzira yoroshye yo kugabanya ingaruka ni ugukomeza sisitemu igezweho. Mu bidukikije bigoye cyane, aho bidashoboka ko habaho ivugurura ridashoboka, hakenewe ingamba zikomeye."
Aratanga urugero rwukuri rwuburyo imyitozo ifasha gukumira ibitero. "Nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa amashusho y’amafi no guhugura, twabonye ubwiyongere bugaragara bwa raporo z’uko abakozi bagerageza kuroba, bagaragaza ko banenze neza imbere y’iterabwoba."
Kugirango bapime akamaro k'amahugurwa, Baiardi atanga igitekerezo cyo gusobanura intera igaragara no gukora ibigereranyo buri gihe hamwe n'ibipimo byateganijwe. "Ni ngombwa gupima ingano n'ubwiza bw'ibisubizo by'abakozi ku bibazo bishobora guterwa."
Uyu muyobozi avuga raporo yakozwe na sosiyete ishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikoranabuhanga kuri interineti Knowbe4, yerekana ko Burezili yasigaye inyuma mu bihugu nka Kolombiya, Chili, Ecuador, na Peru. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2024 bugaragaza ikibazo cy’abakozi bumva akamaro k’umutekano wa interineti, ariko ntibumva neza uburyo iterabwoba rikora n’imikorere. Niyo mpamvu, ishimangira akamaro k’umuco w’umuteguro mu guteza imbere imikorere itekanye: “Hatabayeho gahunda y’umuco w’umutekano wa interineti washyizwe mu bikorwa neza, ntibishoboka gupima urwego rukuze isosiyete ifite muri iyi ngingo.”
Inzobere kandi ishinzwe kuyobora itangwa ryitangwa ryumutekano wa cyber ryatejwe imbere na dataRain, itanga ibisubizo byihuse kandi byihuse kubishyira mubikorwa nkumutekano wa imeri, kubahiriza no gusuzuma intege nke, umutekano wanyuma, hamwe nubuyobozi bwibicu. Yashoje agira ati: "Umutekano wa interineti ni ikibazo gikomeje, kandi abantu ni ingenzi mu kurinda amakuru no kuba inyangamugayo za sisitemu. Gushora imari mu mahugurwa no kubimenya ni ugushora imari mu mutekano w’umuryango wose. Kandi ibyo dutanga byose biherekejwe no guhererekanya ubumenyi, ibyo bigatuma dushobora kongera ubumenyi bw’abakiriya ku iterabwoba".
