Ibisobanuro
ERP, ngufi kuri Enterprises Resource Planning, ni sisitemu yuzuye ya software ikoreshwa namasosiyete gucunga no guhuza ibikorwa byingenzi byubucuruzi. ERP ihuza amakuru n'ibikorwa biva mu mashami atandukanye kurubuga rumwe, itanga uburyo bwuzuye, burigihe-bwo kureba ubucuruzi.
Amateka n'Ubwihindurize
1. Inkomoko: Igitekerezo cya ERP cyavuye muri sisitemu ya MRP (Material Requirements Planning) yo mu myaka ya za 1960, yibanze cyane cyane ku gucunga ibarura.
2. 1990: Ijambo "ERP" ryahimbwe nitsinda rya Gartner, ryerekana kwaguka kwizi sisitemu zirenze inganda zirimo imari, abakozi, nibindi bice.
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Ibice byingenzi bigize ERP
1. Imari n'icungamari: Gucunga konti zishyuwe kandi zishobora kwishyurwa, igitabo rusange, ingengo yimari.
2. Abakozi: Umushahara, gushaka, amahugurwa, gusuzuma imikorere.
3. Gukora: Gutegura umusaruro, gucunga neza, kubungabunga.
4. Gutanga Urunigi: Kugura, gucunga ibarura, ibikoresho.
5. Kugurisha no Kwamamaza: CRM, gucunga ibicuruzwa, guteganya ibicuruzwa.
6. Gucunga imishinga: Igenamigambi, kugabura umutungo, gukurikirana.
7. Ubwenge bwubucuruzi: Raporo, isesengura, ikibaho.
Inyungu za ERP
1. Guhuza Data: Kurandura amakuru silos, itanga icyerekezo kimwe cyubucuruzi.
2. Gukora neza: Gukora inzira zisubiramo kandi bigabanya amakosa yintoki.
3. Gufata ibyemezo Byongerewe: Gutanga ubushishozi-nyabwo kubyemezo byinshi bisobanutse.
4. Kubahiriza no kugenzura: Korohereza kubahiriza amabwiriza ninganda.
5. Ubunini: Guhuza iterambere ryikigo nibikenerwa mubucuruzi bushya.
6. Ubufatanye bunoze: Korohereza itumanaho no guhana amakuru hagati yinzego.
7. Kugabanya ibiciro: Mugihe kirekire, birashobora kugabanya ibiciro byakazi na IT.
Inzitizi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya ERP
1. Igiciro cyambere: Gushyira mubikorwa sisitemu ya ERP birashobora kuba ishoramari rikomeye.
2. Biragoye: Bisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe kandi birashobora kuba inzira itwara igihe.
3. Kurwanya Guhinduka: Abakozi barashobora kwanga gufata inzira na sisitemu nshya.
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5. Amahugurwa: Amahugurwa yagutse arakenewe kubakoresha mu nzego zose.
6. Kwimura Data: Kohereza amakuru muri sisitemu yumurage birashobora kugorana.
Ubwoko bwa ERP Gushyira mubikorwa
1. Kuri-Ikibanza: Porogaramu yashyizweho kandi ikora kuri seriveri yonyine.
2. Igicu gishingiye (SaaS): Porogaramu igerwaho hifashishijwe interineti kandi igacungwa nuwabitanze.
3. Hybrid: Ihuza ibintu byibanze-bishyirwa mubikorwa.
Ibigezweho muri ERP
1. Ubwenge bwa artificiel hamwe no Kwiga Imashini: Kubijyanye no gukoresha mudasobwa no gushishoza.
2. Interineti yibintu (IoT): Kwishyira hamwe nibikoresho bihujwe mugukusanya amakuru nyayo.
3. ERP igendanwa: Kugera kubikorwa bya ERP ukoresheje ibikoresho bigendanwa.
4. Ubunararibonye bwabakoresha (UX): Wibande kumurongo wimbitse kandi ukoresha inshuti.
5. Kwiyoroshya byoroheje: Ibikoresho-bito / nta-code ibikoresho kugirango byoroshye kwihitiramo.
6. Isesengura ryambere: Kongera ubwenge mubucuruzi nubushobozi bwo gusesengura.
Guhitamo Sisitemu ya ERP
Muguhitamo sisitemu ya ERP, ibigo bigomba gutekereza:
1. Ibisabwa byihariye byubucuruzi
2. Ubunini bwa sisitemu no guhinduka
3. Igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite (TCO)
4. Kuborohereza gukoresha no kwakirwa nabakoresha
5. Inkunga no kubungabunga bitangwa nuwabitanze.
6. Kwishyira hamwe na sisitemu zihari
7. Umutekano no kubahiriza amabwiriza
Gushyira mu bikorwa neza
Kugirango ishyirwa mubikorwa rya ERP, ni ngombwa kuri:
1. Shaka inkunga kubuyobozi bukuru.
2. Sobanura intego zisobanutse kandi zapimwe.
3. Shiraho itsinda ryimishinga itandukanye.
4. Witondere witonze amakuru yimuka.
5. Gushora mumahugurwa yuzuye.
6. Gucunga impinduka zubuyobozi
7. Komeza ukurikirane kandi uhindure nyuma yo kubishyira mubikorwa.
Umwanzuro
ERP nigikoresho gikomeye gishobora guhindura uburyo sosiyete ikora. Muguhuza inzira namakuru muburyo bumwe, ERP itanga icyerekezo kimwe cyubucuruzi, kunoza imikorere, gufata ibyemezo, no guhangana. Mugihe ishyirwa mubikorwa rishobora kuba ingorabahizi, inyungu ndende za sisitemu ya ERP yashyizwe mubikorwa neza irashobora kuba myinshi.
