E-ubucuruzi, buzwi kandi nk'ubucuruzi bwa elegitoronike, ni imyitozo yo gukora ubucuruzi binyuze kuri interineti. Ibi birimo kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa, serivisi, namakuru kumurongo. E-ubucuruzi bwahinduye uburyo ubucuruzi bwitwara neza nuburyo abaguzi babona ibicuruzwa na serivisi.
Amateka:
E-ubucuruzi bwatangiye kwamamara mu myaka ya za 90 hamwe n’urubuga mpuzamahanga. Ku ikubitiro, ibikorwa byo kumurongo byagarukiraga cyane cyane kugurisha ibitabo, CD, na software. Nyuma yigihe, uko ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere kandi ikizere cyabaguzi kuri e-ubucuruzi cyiyongereye, ibigo byinshi byatangiye gutanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi zitandukanye kumurongo.
Ubwoko bwa e-ubucuruzi:
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa e-ubucuruzi, harimo:
1. Ubucuruzi-ku-Muguzi (B2C): Harimo kugurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kugirango urangize abaguzi.
2. Ubucuruzi-Kuri-Ubucuruzi (B2B): Ibi bibaho mugihe isosiyete imwe igurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mubindi bigo.
3. Umuguzi-ku-Muguzi (C2C): Emerera abakiriya kugurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi hagati yabo, mubisanzwe binyuze kumurongo wa interineti nka eBay cyangwa OLX.
4.
Ibyiza:
E-ubucuruzi butanga inyungu nyinshi kubucuruzi n'abaguzi, nka:
1. Ibyoroshye: Abaguzi barashobora kugura ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi igihe icyo aricyo cyose, ahantu hose, mugihe bafite interineti.
2. Ubwoko butandukanye: Amaduka yo kumurongo muri rusange atanga amahitamo yagutse kuruta ibicuruzwa bifatika.
3. Kugereranya ibiciro: Abaguzi barashobora kugereranya byoroshye ibiciro kubatanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kugirango babone ibicuruzwa byiza.
4. Kugabanya ibiciro: Isosiyete irashobora kuzigama amafaranga yimikorere, nkubukode bwumwanya wumubiri nabakozi, mugurisha kumurongo.
5. Kugera kwisi yose: E-ubucuruzi butuma ibigo bigera kubantu benshi kuruta uko byashoboka hamwe nububiko bufatika.
Inzitizi:
Nubwo ifite ibyiza byinshi, e-ubucuruzi nayo igaragaza ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, harimo:
1. Umutekano: Kurinda amakuru y’abaguzi n’imari n’umuntu ku giti cye ni ikibazo gihoraho muri e-ubucuruzi.
2. Ibikoresho: Kureba ko ibicuruzwa bitangwa vuba, neza, kandi byizewe birashobora kuba ingorabahizi, cyane cyane kubigo bito.
3. Amarushanwa akaze: Hamwe nibigo byinshi bigurisha kumurongo, birashobora kugorana kwihagararaho no gukurura abakiriya.
4. Ibibazo byo kwizerana: Bamwe mubaguzi baracyafite ubwoba bwo guhaha kumurongo kubera impungenge zuburiganya no kutabona no gukoraho ibicuruzwa mbere yo kubigura.
Ejo hazaza h'ubucuruzi:
Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere kandi abantu benshi ku isi bakabona interineti, biteganijwe ko e-ubucuruzi buzakomeza gutera imbere no gutera imbere. Inzira zimwe ziteganijwe guhindura ejo hazaza h'ubucuruzi harimo:
1. Kugura kuri terefone: Abaguzi benshi kandi benshi bakoresha terefone zabo na tableti kugirango bagure kumurongo.
2. Kwishyira ukizana: Isosiyete ikoresha amakuru nubwenge bwubuhanga kugirango itange uburambe bwihariye bwo guhaha kubakoresha.
3. Ukuri gushimangiwe: Ibigo bimwe bigerageza ukuri kwongerewe kugirango abakiriya babone "kugerageza" ibicuruzwa mbere yo kugura.
4.
Umwanzuro:
E-ubucuruzi bwahinduye muburyo bwo gukora ubucuruzi kandi bukomeza gutera imbere byihuse. Mugihe ubucuruzi n’abaguzi benshi bemera e-ubucuruzi, biba igice cyingenzi mubukungu bwisi. Mugihe ibibazo bikiriho, ejo hazaza ha e-ubucuruzi busa neza, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya hamwe nuburyo bugenda bugaragara kugirango tunoze ubunararibonye bwo guhaha kumurongo.
