Ibipimo bya ESG (ibidukikije, imibereho myiza, n’imiyoborere) bimaze kumenyekana ku isi nkurutonde rwamabwiriza agenga imikorere irambye kandi ishinzwe imibereho myiza. N’ubwo akamaro kabo kadashidikanywaho mugutezimbere ejo hazaza harambye, haracyari impaka zerekana uburyo ibi bipimo byakoreshwa mugusobanura ingamba zo gukumira ibihugu cyangwa imiryango y’ubukungu.
ESG yagaragaye nkurutonde rwibipimo bigamije gusuzuma ibikorwa byubucuruzi duhereye ku buryo burambye kandi bwitwara neza. Amasosiyete akurikiza imikorere ya ESG yiyemeje kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, guteza imbere uburinganire bw’imibereho, no gukomeza imiyoborere iboneye. Ibi bipimo byemejwe cyane n'abashoramari, guverinoma, n'ibigo by'imari nk'igipimo cyo gusuzuma ingaruka z'igihe kirekire n'imikorere.
Ariko, uko ibipimo bya ESG bigenda byiyongera, havuka impungenge zuko zidakoreshwa mu bihugu, cyane cyane hagati yubukungu bwateye imbere niterambere. Kutagira uburinganire mu bipimo bishobora guteza inzitizi z’ubucuruzi ziyoberanije, bikabyara ingaruka zo guhatanira amasosiyete yo mu bihugu bifite ubushobozi bunini bwo guhuza n'ibisabwa na ESG.
Kugira ngo utange igitekerezo, raporo y’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO) yagaragaje ko izamuka ry’ingamba zo gukumira ibihugu bya G20 byiyongera. Muri uwo mwaka, agaciro k'ubucuruzi kashyizwe mu bikorwa n’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byagereranijwe hafi miliyari 2 z'amadolari ya Amerika, bingana na 9.4% by'ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ibibujijwe byinjije miliyari 230.8 z’amadolari y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka umwe, bingana na 0.9% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.
Ibihugu birashobora gukoresha ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibidukikije bya ESG kugira ngo bigaragaze ko hashyirwaho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi nk’amahoro n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, bitewe n’ibidukikije. Urugero ruheruka ni ikibazo cy’isosiyete y’ababyeyi ya Carrefour, yerekanye ibibazo by’ibidukikije bibuza kwinjiza inyama muri Mercosur mu masoko manini yo mu Bufaransa. Gukoresha ibipimo by’ibidukikije bishobora kuba urwitwazo rw’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu byagaragaye mu Bufaransa, cyane cyane ku bahinzi baho, bakeneye inkunga zikomeye kugira ngo ubucuruzi bwabo bukomeze. Kubwibyo, ikibazo gisigaye: iki nikibazo cyibidukikije cyangwa gukumira ubukungu?
Ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bikunze guhura n'ingorane zo kubahiriza ibipimo bya ESG byashyizweho n'ubukungu bwateye imbere cyane (ibi ntibisobanura ko ibyo bipimo atari ngombwa ku bantu). Ibi birashobora kugabanya uburyo bwo kugera kumasoko yisi yose niba ibyo bihugu bidashora imari ikenewe kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa ibidukikije. Kuzamura umurongo kubibazo bya ESG ni ngombwa cyane, kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bigomba kubyitaho cyane.
Nyamara, gukoresha ibipimo by’ibidukikije nkurwitwazo rwo kudacuruza bibaho nkigikoresho cyubukungu na politiki cyo kurinda umusaruro waho, cyane cyane iyo kidashobora kwibeshaho cyigenga ariko biterwa ninkunga nyinshi zo kubaho. Ibi birerekana ko hariho ibidukikije byubukorikori kandi bitameze neza byubukungu bwubukungu mubihugu byateye imbere. Byongeye kandi, niba ibipimo bya ESG bifatwa nkibikoresho byo gukumira, ubuzimagatozi bwabo burashobora kwibazwa. Ibi birashobora guca intege iyemezwa ryimikorere irambye mugihe kirekire.
Kurinda ikoreshwa nabi rya ESG nkigikoresho cyo gukumira, ni ngombwa guteza imbere ibipimo ngenderwaho byisi. Inzego nk’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi n’inama mpuzamahanga ishinzwe gutanga raporo zishobora kugira uruhare runini mu gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byita ku bukungu bw’ibihugu bitandukanye.
Nubwo ibipimo bya ESG byerekana intambwe igaragara yateye mu guharanira iterambere rirambye kandi rifite inshingano (cyangwa se, kubaho kw’umubumbe w’isi), kuba ibikoresho byabo nk'igikoresho cyo gukumira biragaragaza ingaruka ku bucuruzi bw’isi ndetse no kwizerwa mu bikorwa bya ESG. Mu gukemura ibyo bibazo binyuze mu guhuza ibipimo ngenderwaho ku isi no guteza imbere ibiganiro mpuzamahanga, birashoboka kugabanya ingaruka mbi no kwemeza ko ESG ikomeje kuba imbaraga nziza z'ejo hazaza h'isi.
