Strategic planning is a vital task for any company, since it is through it that the organization will seek sustainable growth and competitively. It is not, therefore, a trivial activity or that can be performed without care, and good legal advice is an important ally to increase the chances of success of planning.
A traditional view of strategic planning is that contained in the book “Competitive Strategy”, by Michael Porter, which presents three different strategies that are commonly used by entrepreneurs:
- Cost strategy: the objective is to obtain competitive advantage by offering products or services at lower prices than other competitors in the same market. For this strategy to work, the company will seek to reduce its costs (with labor, raw materials.), greater efficiency in its production processes and gains in economies of scale, for example.
- Differentiation strategy: through this strategy, the company seeks to offer a unique, unmistakable product or service with high added value. Luxury brands or companies with exclusive and/or innovative technologies are examples of organizations that use the differentiation strategy.
- Focus strategy: the focus (or focus) strategy, finally, is one that is intended to meet a specific need in the market, as efficiently as possible. In the focus strategy, there is a reduced number of customers served, through a much narrower product/service portfolio (sometimes the company offers a single product or service), making the company a critical supplier for that market.
Each of the strategies brings distinct risks and opportunities, which can be better managed through contractual arrangements, preventive action and integration between the business strategy and the legal strategy of the company.
Let's look at a few examples!
Cost strategy
When a company adopts the cost strategy, it needs to reduce its expenses as much as possible, so that it can maintain its competitive differential against other competitors with the same strategy.
One of the great risks, then, ends up being the use of suppliers that do not comply with labor legislation, subjecting workers to degrading conditions.This is unfortunately a very common situation, and it must be properly managed through a procedure of due diligence of suppliers 'an increasingly relevant activity in the face of the importance of the ESG agenda, no longer being accepted that the company simply claims that “ did not know” the practices of its outsourced or suppliers.
Another risk to which a company adopting the cost strategy is subject is the readjustment of the price of its inputs, which often requires the transfer of the high to consumers (with the loss of competitive advantage). To prevent situations such as these, it is important that supply contracts contain clear clauses of price adjustments (with the use of indexes compatible with the peculiarities of the business), as well as rules on the transfer of exceptional readjustments or the possibility of termination without penalties in case of excessive increase of costs for one or both parties.
Differentiation strategy
The differentiation strategy usually requires large investments design, whether in Research, Development and Innovation (PD&I), or even in attracting and retaining talent.
For companies that adopt this strategy, legal support will be related to various activities, such as: intellectual property protection (brands, patents, etc software), from registration with the BPTO to possible lawsuits to prevent the misuse of the differentiating elements; confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements; plans for partnership e stock options to retain key employees for the success of the differentiation strategy.
In addition, it is natural that the company needs large amounts of capital to develop its products or services. At this point, it may be necessary to prepare complex contracts with investors, in which legal advice will assist in choosing the investment modality among the alternatives available in the legislation (such as angel investment, mutual convertible, partnership in participation account, etc.) and will monitor all steps of the execution of the investment contract, from the initial negotiations (which may be regulated by means of a Memorandum of Understanding) to the drafting and conclusion of the contract (with the release of the values and conversion of the investment into equity, for example).
Focus strategy
Through the focus strategy, the entrepreneur ends up attracting risks related to the smallest niche market that will serve ¡ ̄ which can put him at a disadvantage in the face of the risk of new entrants (ie, competitors that may arise in the future) and substitute products/services.
Here, in addition to the fundamental protections related to intellectual property, it is important that contracts with customers contain exclusivity clauses with adequate duration, well-defined scope and sufficient penalties to preserve the investment of the entrepreneur.
It is also relevant that the contracts contain non-competition clauses, to prevent the company's customers from internally developing the solution being contracted; as well as non-request clauses, in order to prevent customers from hiring employees, partners or service providers of the organization, usually a strategy to internalize that activity.
From the examples above, it is clear that legal advice is an important ally of strategic planning, provided there is a careful and appropriate look at what are the directions that the organization intends to go 'O and what are the real legal needs of that business.
Sergio Luiz Beggiato Junior is a lawyer at Rucker Curi & Legal Advocacy.