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The key to strengthening CRM

Email marketing is one of the oldest tools in digital marketing, but undoubtedly still one of the most effective. In recent years, a debate about the relevance in the current digital landscape has led to the argument that email marketing is dead, however, considering the nuances of the segment and the constant transformations in consumer behavior, the method is alive and more relevant than ever, especially when considered the crucial role in customer relationship and engagement strategies.

The myth needs to be demystified.The truth is that email marketing, as well as the entire industry, has evolved. There have been significant changes in the way it is used and necessarily since, 11 years ago when email marketing was one of the main communication channels 30%. In this period, the demand for omnichannel communication has increased, and although it is still a challenge for many companies, it is essential to reach customers.

The personalization power

Email marketing allows direct and personalized communication with customers, significantly increasing engagement. With segmentation, you can send highly relevant messages at the right time, increasing the likelihood of conversion and loyalty.

A study published by E-commerce Brazil in 2021, for example, revealed that the strategy, when applied in birthday cases, generates 481% more transactions than ordinary promotional campaigns.This demonstrates the power of personalized initiatives and states that, when well executed, the channel can be extremely effective in boosting sales and customer engagement.

In addition to being a powerful tool in its own right, email marketing can also complement other marketing strategies.It can be integrated into social media campaigns, content strategies, and even SEO initiatives. 

For example, newsletters can promote new blog posts or videos, and email campaigns can be used to retarget customers who have interacted with social media ads.The result is reaching customers at different touchpoints, increasing the effectiveness of planning as a whole.

The automations role

Another key aspect of email marketing is automations.They allow you to create workflows that send notifications based on specific customer behaviors, such as cart abandonment and site navigation.This not only saves time, but also increases the relevance of messages, improving open and click rates. In addition, automations allow you to nurture leads along the sales funnel, providing relevant content at each stage of the buying process.

Ensuring success 

To ensure the effectiveness of email marketing campaigns, it is essential to track and analyze performance metrics that include open rate, click rate, conversion rate and unsubscribe rate. These measurements help to understand campaign performance and make adjustments to optimize results. The use of A/B testing is also a best practice, allowing different elements of campaigns to be tested to identify the best approaches.

Adaptability to consumer preferences

Email marketing is highly adaptable and can adjust to changing consumer preferences.With effective analytics and customer feedback, campaigns can be continuously adjusted to better meet discovered preferences.As consumer behavior evolves, email marketing can keep up with these changes, while remaining an effective channel of engagement and communication.

The relevance of any marketing tool depends on the ability to adapt to the actions of those who matter most: the customer. In this case it is no different. Email marketing can fulfill its role in defining the success of a campaign, but to keep it alive, you need to bet with the right cards.

Payface debuts facial recognition payments for Private Labels with FestCard and Oscar Group

Payface, a pioneer in payment solutions for facial recognition, takes a significant step by expanding its services with a solution that integrates biometrics with Private Label card systems. This innovation allows consumers from various segments to make payments using only the face, without the need for passwords or physical cards.

Oscar is the first to adopt this technology, deploying it in 10 stores in the city of Sao Jose dos Campos (SP), where customers already enjoy the convenience of paying with FestCard, the network's own card, through facial recognition, since the 12/07. The partnership aims to expand the solution to about 100 stores of the group by October 2024, with the expectation of reaching tens of thousands of consumers who pay with the store card every month.

For Eladio Isoppo, CEO of Payface, this launch represents two important milestones in Payface's strategy. First, the entry of Payface into the ecosystem of private label card issuers 2023, a strategy designed at the end of 2023, from the acquisition of Smile & Go (with a product built especially to connect the face base captured by issuers at the time of approval of their customers' credit with their respective means of payment. Second, the expansion of the company's solutions to new segments, with enormous acceptance. 

“We have successfully opened the payment for facial biometrics in a closed arrangement, marking our strategic entry into the promising footwear and fashion segment.This innovation has already resulted in the addition of thousands of new users to our base, exponentially boosting the adoption of Payface.This significant advance has been catalyzed by the acquisition of Smile&Go, consolidating our position as a leader in facial recognition solutions.We are excited about the potential for continued growth of our technology, which extends from physical checkouts to online authentications.”, says Eladio Isoppo.

All Festcard customers are already pre-enabled to pay face-to-face in stores with the technology and new card customers, for example, will be able to use it immediately after approval, without waiting for plastic customization, password setting or app installation. Face capture replaces all this at once, ensuring accuracy and security, as well as reducing disputes and fraud.

According to Nelson Cazarine, Director of the Oscar Group, the partnership with Payface facilitates “ even more the life of the network's customers, reaffirming the Oscar Group's commitment to innovation and excellence in service 

The Payface solution fully integrated into the private label card issuance and processing ecosystem makes the shopping experience simple, agile and safe. As Carlos Carvalho, Head of Credit Operations at Oscar Group points out:

“Facial biometrics arrived on the FestCard Card to revolutionize the sales process. With a simple photograph, our customers make their purchases more quickly, safely and conveniently. An innovation that transforms the shopping experience.” 

Even with the recent launch, other networks have also joined facial recognition to solve common pains of the Private Label world, such as card sharing and high operating costs.Fort Wholesaler, which operates the Vuon Card in its stores, and Nalin, the card of the same name, are already in the deployment phase to bring the Payface solution to its operations in the food and fashion wholesale segment, respectively.

Subscription clubs: allies of modern day life

Currently, we live in a time when practicality and time optimization are increasingly valued and demanded values. With the accelerated routine, finding ways to simplify tasks and ensure that basic activities are efficiently met becomes a differential.

Subscription clubs, in turn, emerge as a smart solution, offering not only convenience but also the opportunity to personalize the consumer experience.By eliminating the need for frequent shopping and continuous planning, these services provide more time for other important everyday demands.

The growth of this sector is significant, because according to data from the Brazilian Electronic Commerce Association, it grew 1000% in the last decade in Brazil. Nowadays, there are 4 thousand subscription clubs for services and products in operation.

The main advantage is the elimination of the concern with refuelling and the significant reduction of the time spent on shopping activities. Instead of reserving part of the day or week to plan trips to the supermarket, pharmacy, bookstore or other establishments, the subscriber can count on the regularity of deliveries, ensuring that essential items are always available.

In addition to the automation of supply, personalization is another fundamental aspect of the model. When registering for such a service, the consumer has the opportunity to adjust their preferences, indicating, for example, the type of coffee they most appreciate, the size of the clothes they wear, the literary genres that interest them most or the food restrictions they need to respect.

By receiving only what will actually be used and appreciated, one can avoid the accumulation of unnecessary items, which is especially relevant in a context of environmental concerns and sustainability. The chance to try new brands, flavors and styles through subscriptions is also able to expand the consumer repertoire, presenting him options that might not be considered in a timely purchase.

With different proposals, prices and business models, the services of the subscription clubs offer alternatives to suit a wide range of interests and tastes. This means that regardless of lifestyle or budget, it is possible to find an option that fits each profile.

By simplifying the management of essential items, reducing time spent on purchases and offering customization, they meet the needs of diverse subscribers and reflect an innovative approach to retail and consumption.The sector has become an evolution of the traditional format of purchase, adapting to the demands of a society in constant movement.

Mercado Livre aims at optimizing deliveries and uses 100% electric vans

With the exponential growth of e-commerce in Brazil, delivery logistics has become one of the main challenges for companies in the sector. According to data from the Brazilian Electronic Commerce Association (ABComm), Brazilian e-commerce registered a total of 395 million orders and a turnover of R$ 185.7 billion in 2023, with an average ticket per customer of R$ 460. By 2024, the number of orders is expected to increase to 418.6 million and the average ticket for R$ 490.

In response to the expansion scenario, Mercado Livre, one of the largest e-commerce platforms in Latin America, has invested in innovative solutions to optimize its logistics operations and ensure more efficient deliveries. Part of this strategy includes the partnership with Arrow Mobility, a Brazilian startup specialized in sustainable cargo vehicles, whose 100% electric vans are being integrated into the platform's delivery fleet. 

Marcelo Simon, Head of New Business at the startup, said highlights that the partnership with Mercado Livre is an important step in promoting sustainable logistics solutions in the market. “We are constantly developing vehicles that not only improve delivery efficiency, but also significantly reduce operating costs and environmental impact.The models are a viable and promising solution to achieve these” goals.

In addition to the lower cost per package delivered and significantly reduced emissions of polluting gases, Arrow Mobility vehicles have a higher load capacity, with an internal organization optimized for the transport of volumes, facilitating the shipment and disembarkation of deliverymen by providing access to the cargo compartment inside the vehicle.

Another relevant point is the mitigation of maintenance costs of electric vans, which represents another source of savings for fleet operators.“We are very satisfied with the performance of our vans in the Brazilian market.The partnership with Mercado Livre is an important milestone in our trajectory, we want to offer high quality vehicles to, in addition to meeting the logistics needs of our customers, boost their results” emphasizes Simon.

Arrow expects to quadruple the number of registrations in 2024, compared to last year 12 units to 48 this year 2, reinforcing the company's goal of becoming a reference in the national logistics sector.

Marketing and eSports: how brands are taking advantage of the gaming market

The video game industry is increasingly competitive, as there has been an exponential growth in recent years of people active on online gaming platforms.Esports, as they are known, have had their popularity increased due to events broadcast live and simultaneously to several countries, with thousands of competitors worldwide. 

This audience is known for being tech-savvy ^'A term in English that refers to people who have high knowledge and are skilled in the use of technology and digital devices 'DO, so it is engaged and loyal to your favorite brands of games and teams. The diversity of interests, and international players, makes the eSports audience an attractive and dynamic market. 

According to the Game Brasil Survey (PGB), 81.2% of respondents revealed that they usually play in the eSports universe, and 88.3% of people watch matches and championships of electronic games. The time invested in the activity lasts between 1 and 3 hours for 50.8% of gamers who responded to the survey. 

With such expressiveness in the market, companies have realized the potential that the industry brings to brands and are beginning to use marketing strategies to increase visibility, engage new audiences and explore new business opportunities. 

Also according to the PGB study, 55.5% of respondents claim to use notebooks and computers to play electronic games. Therefore, the marketing of hardware that improves the performance of games, as well as equipment and technological accessories for PC, tends to have many fans in the gaming market. 

Storage devices and memories for high quality PC, such as internal and external HDDs and SSDs, for example, directly influence the execution of electronic games, bringing more dynamism, speed, data processing and high performance during matches and tournaments. Innovative design cabinets and keyboards can also be attractive to the gaming public, who want more personalized items for the activity. 

We must not forget the importance of having a reliable power supply, such as those of XPG, for example, which guarantee a continuous and optimized energy flow, greater energy savings and the safety of playing for uninterrupted hours, without surprises. 

In addition to hardware sales strategies, advertising campaigns on gaming platforms, influencer content and sponsorships are among the marketing possibilities that companies can invest within this scenario. 

Brands can take advantage of the popularity of eSports by sponsoring events, teams or streamers. Ads on live streams, digital banners and targeted campaigns within games are also effective ways to reach the audience of video games.In addition, influencers have an intimate relationship with their audiences and can promote products and services in an authentic and compelling way. 

An important tip for those who are planning to do marketing actions in this area is to look for organizations, teams or players that are prepared to produce quality content and have professional and satisfactory deliveries to the customer. In this way, it is possible to achieve the return on investment so desired in the world of marketing and establish a lasting and beneficial partnership for both sides. 

Entering the eSports market can be challenging due to the need to understand the culture and dynamics of the community. Companies need to invest time in research and establish authentic connections with the public, whether for PC parts marketing strategies or for brand visibility. 

*Thiago Tieri's he is Marketing Manager of ADATA/XPG in Brazil.

With the steady rise of cyberattacks in 2024, understand the key challenges and solutions for businesses

Cybersecurity has become one of the fundamental pillars for the survival and growth of companies in the current digital landscape.In 2024, cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and sophistication, endangering not only confidential information, but also the reputation and business continuity. 

Among the most prevalent threats, ransomware attacks have been a constant headache for businesses of all sizes. These attacks block access to company data, demanding a ransom for release.The sophistication of these attacks has increased, with cybercriminals using advanced encryption techniques and threatening to disclose sensitive information if the ransom is not paid. 

Another significant threat is phishing attacks, where hackers trick employees into disclosing sensitive information or installing malware. These attacks are increasingly targeted and personalized, making them difficult to detect.In addition, insider threats pose a major challenge.Unhappy or negligent employees can cause significant damage, whether intentionally or accidentally. 

Lack of proper training and robust security policies contributes to this increased risk.The Internet of Things (IoT) also introduces new vulnerabilities, with connected devices often being targeted for attack due to inadequate security settings.

To combat these threats, businesses need to take a multi-faceted approach to cybersecurity. Implementing a robust security infrastructure is crucial.This includes advanced firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and artificial intelligence-based security solutions that can identify and respond to threats in real time. Data encryption, both at rest and in transit, is critical to protecting sensitive information

Continuous employee training is another key piece in defending against cyberattacks.Employees should be educated about cybersecurity best practices, how to recognize and avoid phishing emails, and utilize strong, unique passwords.Awareness programs and attack simulations can help keep staff alert and prepared.

Performing regular security audits and penetration testing can identify and correct weaknesses before they are exploited by criminals.In addition, implementing a policy of updates and patches for all systems and devices ensures that the latest known threat protections are in place.

In 2024, cybersecurity faces critical and emerging challenges, evidenced by recent data that highlights the gravity of the situation. According to Check Point Software, the increase in ransomware attacks, counted on a growth of 57% in the number of incidents directed to companies in 2023 and a predicted global cost of US$ 26 billion for 2024, points to Cybersecurity Ventures according to the order of 751 enterprises targeted attacks and impact of these attacks. IoT devices are also at the center of concerns, the Gartner report with a forecast that by 2025, 1 trillion breaches of 751, 201. 

As cyber threats continue to evolve, companies must be prepared to adapt and strengthen their security strategies. Investing in advanced technology, employee training and proactive vulnerability management are essential steps to protect digital assets and ensure business continuity. Cybersecurity is a continuous and dynamic process that requires constant vigilance and adaptation to new threats that arise on the horizon. By 2024, companies that are better prepared will be those that not only adopt the best security practices, but also cultivate an organizational culture focused on protecting their data and operations.

AI in fintechs: unlocking myths and embracing responsible innovation

On the 14th, Rio Innovation Week, the largest global event of technology and innovation, was occupied by more than 185 thousand people and used to discuss one of the topics with the greatest repercussion at the moment: artificial intelligence (AI) in fintechs. The interaction of renowned experts enabled the demystification of popular concepts, in addition to highlighting the importance of transparency in algorithms and data quality. 

Myth 1: Data does not lie


One of the most widespread myths about AI is that “dados do not lie”. Although data is critical to train algorithms and make information-based decisions, it is crucial to understand that the quality of data and the context in which it is collected play a key role. The reality is that they can reflect existing biases in society, reproducing biases and inequalities.If there is no rigorous care in the selection and treatment of data, AI can perpetuate and even amplify these biases, resulting in discriminatory and unjust decisions.

For fintechs, which deal with sensitive financial information, the issue of data quality and fairness is even more critical. Customer trust is a valuable asset, and any sign of injustice or discrimination can undermine the credibility of the company. Therefore, it is essential to implement data governance practices that promote transparency, fairness and privacy, ensuring that AI is used to empower and protect consumers, rather than harm them.

Myth 2: AI learns like a human

Another common myth about AI is that it learns and makes decisions in the same way as a human. Although this tool can simulate certain aspects of human thinking, it is critical to understand that it operates based on statistical and probabilistic patterns, without the ability to understand context or exercise ethical judgment. AI algorithms are trained to identify correlations in data and optimize a particular metric, such as the accuracy of a prediction or the efficiency of an automated system.

In the context of fintechs, this distinction is crucial to ensure that technology is used ethically and responsibly. While large-scale process automation and data analysis can bring significant benefits, it is essential to maintain human oversight in critical areas such as complex financial decision-making or customer service in sensitive situations.In addition, companies must adopt transparent approaches to explain AI decisions, providing users with insights into the reasoning process and the origin of recommendations.

The path to responsible innovation

As AI continues to transform the fintech landscape, it is critical that companies take a responsible innovation approach, prioritizing ethics, transparency, and equity

1. Data Governance: establish policies and procedures to ensure data quality, impartiality and privacy, including the identification and mitigation of algorithmic biases.

2. Explainability of AI: develop systems that can clearly and affordably explain AI decisions and predictions, enabling users to understand the reasoning behind recommendations.

3. Human Supervision: integrating human expertise into critical processes such as reviewing complex decisions, managing risk and customer service, ensuring accountability and empathy.

4. Stakeholder engagement: engaging customers, regulators, ethics experts and other stakeholders in the development and evaluation of AI solutions, incorporating different perspectives and concerns.

5. Education and Awareness: promoting digital literacy and understanding of AI among employees, customers and society at large, empowering people to ask critical questions and make informed decisions.

Artificial Intelligence has the potential to drive innovation, efficiency and inclusion in the financial sector, but its use must be guided by responsibility. By unraveling myths and recognizing the limitations of the resource, fintechs can set a new standard of excellence, building solutions that inspire trust, promote equity and empower consumers. 

Exclusive TMB event will reveal strategies for those who want to scale in the digital market

On October 2nd and 3rd, from 9am to 20am, a TMBfintech specialist in payment through installment boleto, will promote, in Sao Jose dos Campos (SP), the event Has More in the Backstage, aimed exclusively at partner infoproducers who want to scale the billing of their digital business. There are only 250 invitations

According to Reinaldo Boesso, financial expert and CEO of TMB, the digital market offers more and more opportunities, and also competition, so knowing strategies and tools related to this sector becomes a necessity. “We think of this event as a way to share knowledge and offer quality networking to participants. We believe that knowledge is a powerful tool, which can transform lives and open doors to new opportunities”, he says.

According to the entrepreneur, participation in the event should be considered a valuable opportunity, since it will allow you to know strategies to scale sales and access a qualified network. “ The main idea is to help our client perform better in all aspects, after all if he earns more, our billing also accompanies this same movement”, says Boeso.

There will be more than twelve hours of high-value content and talks with market experts, a unique opportunity for our partners to gain access to the backstage, strategies and numbers of major launches. 

In the event There is More Behind the scenes will be present infoproducers whose turnover already exceeds R$ 1 billion. In addition to Reinaldo Boesso, participants will be able to learn from Elton Euler, entrepreneur founder of the method The body explains; Renato Torres, founder of the body Explica; and Filippe Holzer, one of the responsible for the strategy of the largest players in the digital market. 

“In this event, we also release the learning for another business partner at the participant's choice. Whoever, you can take a companion, whether a partner or team member, to follow the content and make the most of insights for your” operation, concludes the CEO of the company. 

SERVICE:

Event:  There's More in the Backstage

October 2nd and 3rd

From 9am to 20 pm

Rua Salviano Jose da Silva, 210 UE Eldorado, Sao Jose dos Campos (SP)

More info: TMB (tmb-official.com)

Black November 2024: research conducted by Rcell reveals the expectations of the retail market, early planning and investment in technologies

Over the years, Black Friday has gone from being limited to a single Friday of discounts, extending throughout the month and now being called Black November. With the proximity of this event so important for retail, Rcell, one of the largest technology distributors in the country, conducted a proprietary survey with the main regional retailers in 13 states of Brazil. The results indicate a widespread expectation of increase in the average ticket and total sales volume for this year.

The survey finds that about 70% of retailers interviewed they expect a growth in revenue compared to 2023, which had the highest historical sales in units intensive email marketing, WhatsApp for communication and promotions, and active telemarketing have been highlighted as the main tools to engage customers and drive sales.

“A Black November this year is the great opportunity for Brazilian retailers, both to increase their revenues and to strengthen their brands in the market. Positive expectations predominate, and the data we collect show that, with strategic planning and efficient use of marketing tools, retail can achieve significant results on this long-awaited DATE”, says Alexandre Della Volpe Elias, CMO of the Rcell Group.

The survey also revealed that it 75% from retailers planning for Black November promotions begins two months before the event. The main strategy adopted to prepare for the increase in demand is the anticipation of negotiations with suppliers, thus ensuring an adequate inventory to meet the sales flow.

Another point highlighted in the study is the attention focused on the customer experience, where 73% of retailers adopt improvements based on customer feedback and have prioritized the communication of offers, logistics, assortment of products on offer, payment terms, product information, in addition to investment in technology, improving navigation and usability of websites and applications.

“The focus of retailers is on ensuring that each contact is an opportunity to positively surprise the consumer, reinforcing trust in the brand. This concern to listen to customers and take into account the feedback received shows the constant effort to create a shopping experience increasingly aligned with the needs and desires of the public”, explains Elias.

The study also showed that 50% of the public purchasing decision maker is female and the predominant age range ranges from 35 to 50 years. Besides, uh 80% of respondents stated that the average ticket purchases range from R$ 500 to R$ 1,500.00. To reach this audience, retailers bet on channels such as social networks and WhatsApp to increase the effectiveness of offers and promotions focused on smartphones, home appliances, electronics and informatics.

Evaluating on the consumer side, according to a survey released by NielsenIQ GfK Brazil, the year 2024 shows a good performance in the main seasonality of the year. Compared to 2023, Saldo Janeiro had a growth of 5% in revenue, Consumer Week increased 23% in unit sales and 10% in revenue, and Mother's Day had a growth of 14% in units and 5% in slicing, and Black November tends to follow this movement.

The trend is that in 2024, due to the weather event La Nina during the period, products such as coffee maker, washing and drying, hair dryer and products related to greater comfort and practicality on cold days. Overall, according to the study, the category that also tends to maintain the good result is that of refrigerators, with an increase of 15% in demand.

The survey also highlights that consumer behavior tends to change with respect to 2023, that is, they they will be more comfortable investing this year and one of the main reasons for investment is the exchange of broken or old products and purchase of products on recommendation.

The consumer profile is another fact that draws attention in the research: 57% are women up to 44 years, consolidating the female audience as a buying decision. The choice of retail type is another considerable point during Black November, with 64% opting for retailers that offer the best prices, 28% for those that have free delivery, 25% opt for availability, 17% for installment and 16% for the ease of comparing products. The latter highlights one of the reasons retailers invest in technologies and better navigation of their sites.

Another important fact is that the online channel has stabilized in recent years, but still continues as a protagonist of seasonality: throughout the year around 25% of the journeys are purely physical, at Black November they represent 22%, reflecting the importance of digital during the month of promotions.

Although investment in digital marketing strategies, along with attention to customer experience stands out as a differential for retailers seeking to differentiate in this competitive period, adjusting offers to the new scenario of new consumer demands proves even more advantageous for maximizing sales, making Black November not only a profitable event, but aligned with emerging trends. “The combination of strategies and the anticipation of new consumer behaviors can ensure much more expressive results”, concludes Elias.

Companies will have more time to make their tax compensation

It is undeniable that the recovery of tax credits is an important instrument for Brazilian companies of all sizes. However, the RFB Normative Instruction 2,055/2021, of the Federal Revenue of Brazil, generates the understanding for the federal agency that the compensation of credits should be completed within five years of the final transit of the lawsuit that recognized the taxpayer's right. 

Such understanding, in addition to contradicting the content of article 168 of the National Tax Code (CTN), significantly impacts taxpayers who have large tax credits. Depending on the operational structure of the company, it is not possible to use all these credits in a short time.

Decisions of the Federal Regional Courts (FRFs), however, have recognized that this deadline should not be applied to the use of credits, but as a limit for the initiation of the compensation procedure.

A very significant decision was that of the 13th Class of the TRF of the 1st Region. The Judge-Rapporteur of the case, Jamil Rosa de Jesus Oliveira, gave a vote arguing that “(..) the five-year period is for the initiation of the compensatory procedure only and, considering that the compensation has already been initiated, it is appropriate to use the total amount of the claims recognised in court until they are exhausted”.

Another decision, now from the 12th Federal Civil Court of Belo Horizonte/MG, in a security warrant filed by Marcos Martins Advogados for a client in the metallurgical sector, removed the five-year period imposed by RFB, recognizing that there is no time limit for the company to perform tax compensation of its credits. The decision guarantees greater stability to the cash flow of the company, which will not be prevented from “” offset its credits.

In his sentence, Federal Judge Daniel Carneiro Machado stated “which does not seem reasonable to impose on companies the requirement to consume/compensate their tax credits in a certain period of time, if the existence of outstanding debts to be compensated depends on their size and activity. Such requirement would constitute manifest arbitrariness without any legal basis, creating clear restriction to the compensation of credit unduly paid in defiance of the judicial executive title.

The understanding that is consolidated represents a significant victory for taxpayers in the interpretation of tax compensation legislation and demonstrates the essentiality of the support of a legal team for the advice of companies.

With the new interpretation, companies now have the opportunity to better plan how and when to use their tax credits, which can help ease financial pressure, allowing for more strategic action that is more appropriate to their circumstances. 

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